Zotsatira za kapangidwe ka zinthu zosakhazikika za basalt pakupanga ndi kukonza zinthu zenizeni

2025-06-20

Zofanana ndi ulusi wa kaboni ndi Ulusi wa Galasi, kupanga ulusi wa basalt wopitilira kumafuna kukhazikika kwa zinthu zopangira. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa ubwino ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu za basalt fiber kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale m'dera lomwelo, pali kusiyana kwa basalt kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a mgodi womwewo.

Mwachidule, mavuto atatu akuluakulu apezeka:

(1) Zipangizo zina zopangira miyala ya basalt zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa komwe kumakokedwa, komwe kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa makristalo. Zipangizo zoterezi zimakonda kupangika nthawi yomweyo zikakokedwa, zomwe zimawononga kupitirira kwa ulusi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yokoka.

(2) Zipangizo zina zopangira miyala ya basalt zili ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tolimba kutentha kwambiri, monga olivine ndi corundum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza kusungunuka kofanana.

(3) The Mankhwala Kapangidwe ka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangira basalt zimasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a ulusi wa basalt wopitilira womwe umapangidwa.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kusakhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zopangira, kutengera mfundo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, njira zotsatirazi zitha kutengedwa kuti ziwongolere:

Sankhani zinthu zopangira miyala ya basalt yapamwamba kwambiri. Miyala ya basalt iyenera kukhala yofanana, yokhala ndi kristalo wochepa, yopanda ma phenocryst akuluakulu, ming'alu yochepa, yotsika kwambiri, komanso yopanda zodetsa zakunja monga quartz ndi chert. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a basalt ore kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire oyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kukhala ndi acidity coefficient yoyenera ( $M_{a}$ ) m'gulu la $3.5 \sim 5.8$ , ndi kukhuthala ( $l g kapena$ ) ya $0.5 \sim 1.4 Chabwino \cdot s$ Kukhuthala ( $kapena$ ) ya silicate melts ndi ntchito ya kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo ikhoza kuyimiridwa ndi equation ya Arrhenius: $l g kapena = l g kapena_{0} + NDI_{kapena} / RT$ , komwe $kapena_{0}$ ndi chinthu chosasinthika (pre-exponential factor) ndipo $NDI_{kapena}$ ndi mphamvu yoyambitsa kayendedwe ka viscous kuti melting isungunuke. Basalt ore iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yojambula, zomwe zimapangitsa kusungunuka ndi kukoka kukhala kosavuta, ndipo iyenera kukhala yopanda tinthu ta crystalline tolimba kutentha kwambiri monga olivine ndi corundum.
Limbikitsani homogenization ya zinthu zopangira. Zipangizo zoyenerera zimaphwanyidwa, kufufuzidwa, ndi kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera zisanatumizidwe ku silo yophikiramo. Kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa zipangizo zopangira miyala, kukula kwa tinthu kuyenera kukhala kofanana kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tingayambitse mavuto osungunula, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tingachepetse ubwino wa kusungunuka.
Sakanizani zinthu zopangira miyala ya basalt yapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka miyala yachilengedwe ya basalt, yokhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana wogwirizana ndi kukhalapo, komanso mchere wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana osungunuka, kaya zinthuzo ndi zofanana kwathunthu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za kukoka. Kuti asungunule bwino zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya ulusi womwe umabwera, makampani ena opanga agwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kupanga ma batching", kubwereka kuchokera ku kupanga ulusi wagalasi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukonzekera zinthu zopangira motsatira miyezo, kusankha basalt yachilengedwe yoyera bwino, ndikuyisintha motsatira miyezo yokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kupereka zomwe zikusowa" ndi "yoyera mpaka yoyera" - mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera calcium ngati ili yoperewera. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zapadera zogwirira ntchito, kusintha kosankha kwa doping kumatha kuchitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zizindikiro zonse zogwirira ntchito zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira pakupanga, monga ulusi wosagwirizana ndi alkali, ulusi wosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndi ulusi wamphamvu, wokhala ndi modulus yapamwamba. Izi zimafuna kusankha zinthu zamchere zomwe zili ndi gawo limodzi kapena miyala ina ya basalt kuti "kusintha koyenera" kwa zinthu za basalt yoyera.