Impembelelo yokwakheka kwezinto eziluhlaza zebasalt ezingazinzanga kwimveliso yokwenyani kunye namanyathelo okuphucula

2025-06-20

Ifana ne-carbon fiber kunye Ifayibha yeglasi, ukuveliswa kwefayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo kufuna ukwenziwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zibe semgangathweni. Kukho umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho kunye nemiphumo yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zefayibha ye-basalt ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Kwanakwindawo enye, kukho umahluko kwi-basalt evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomgodi omnye.

Enyanisweni, kuye kwachongwa iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili:

(1) Ezinye izinto ezikrwada ze-basalt ore zinomlinganiselo omncinci wobushushu bokuzoba, osondele kakhulu kubushushu bokukristala. Ezi zinto zikrwada zihlala zikristala kwangoko xa zitsalwa, zitshabalalisa ukuqhubeka kwefayibha kwaye zinciphise amandla okuxinana.

(2) Ezinye izinto eziluhlaza ze-basalt ore ziqulethe inani elikhulu lamasuntswana ekristale amelana nobushushu obuphezulu, afana ne-olivine kunye ne-corundum, okwenza kube nzima ukufumana ukunyibilika okufanayo.

(3) I Ikhemikhali Ukwakhiwa kweebhetshi ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziluhlaza ze-basalt ore kuyahluka, nto leyo echaphazela ukuzinza kokusebenza kweefayibha ze-basalt eziqhubekayo eziveliswayo.

Ukujongana nokungazinzi kokwakheka kwezinto eziluhlaza, ngokusekelwe kumanqaku akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, amanyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa ukuphucula:

Khetha izinto eziluhlaza ze-basalt ore ezikumgangatho ophezulu. I-ore ye-basalt kufuneka ibe yi-homogeneous, ibe ne-crystallization ephantsi, ingabi nama-phenocrysts amakhulu, imingxunya embalwa, ingabi namanzi amdaka, kwaye ingabi nakungcola kwangaphandle okufana ne-quartz kunye ne-chert. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwe-ore ye-basalt kufuneka lube ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka ibe ne-acidity coefficient efanelekileyo ( $M_{i}$ ) kuluhlu lwe $3.5 \sim 5.8$ kunye ne-viscosity ( $l g okanye$ ) ka $0.5 \sim 1.4 Kulungile \cdot s$ Ukuqina komzimba ( $okanye$ ) ye-silicate melts ngumsebenzi wobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokwakheka, kwaye inokumelwa yi-Arrhenius equation: $l g okanye = l g okanye_{0} + KWAYE_{okanye} / RT$ apho $okanye_{0}$ yinto engaguqukiyo (i-pre-exponential factor) kwaye $KWAYE_{okanye}$ ngamandla okusebenza kokuhamba okuxineneyo kokunyibilika. I-Basalt ore kufuneka igcine ubushushu obubanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzoba, nto leyo eyenza ukunyibilika nokutsala kube lula, kwaye akufuneki ibe neesuntswana zekristale ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu ezifana ne-olivine kunye ne-corundum.
Qinisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Izinto eziluhlaza ezifanelekileyo ziyatyunyuzwa, zihlolwe, kwaye zilungiswe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe kwisisele esilungiselelwe ukutshiswa. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza ze-ore, ubungakanani besuntswana kufuneka bugcinwe bufana kakhulu. Amasuntswana amakhulu kakhulu anokubangela ubunzima bokunyibilika, ngelixa amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu anokunciphisa umgangatho wokunyibilika.
Xuba izinto eziluhlaza ze-basalt ore ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuntsonkothileyo kwe-basalt ore yendalo, kunye neeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene kwaye zihlala kunye, kunye neeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezinamaqondo okunyibilika ahlukeneyo, nokuba izinto eziluhlaza ziyafana ngokupheleleyo yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela isiphumo sokuzoba. Ukuze zinyibilikise ngcono izinto kwaye ziphucule ukuzinza kokusebenza kwefayibha ephumayo, amanye amashishini emveliso asebenzise indlela "yokudibanisa ngokwenziwa", eboleka kwimveliso yefayibha yeglasi. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza ngokwemigangatho, ukukhetha i-basalt yendalo ecocekileyo esemgangathweni ophezulu, kunye nokuyilungisa ngokwemigangatho eqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa indlela "yokubonelela ngokuswelekileyo" kunye nendlela "ecocekileyo ukuya kwecocekileyo" - umzekelo, ukongeza i-calcium ukuba ayilunganga. Ukongeza, kwiimveliso ezineemfuno zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo, ukuguqulwa kwe-doping ekhethiweyo kunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izalathisi zokusebenza ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, ezifana neefayibha ezimelana ne-alkali, iifayibha ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neefayibha ezinamandla aphezulu, ezine-modulus ephezulu. Oku kufuna ukukhetha izinto zeminerali ezinecandelo elinye okanye ezinye ii-basalt ore ezifanelekileyo "zokuguqula i-doping" yezinto eziluhlaza ze-basalt ecocekileyo.