Umthelela wokwakheka kwe-basalt eluhlaza okungazinzile ekukhiqizeni kwangempela nezindlela zokuthuthukisa

2025-06-20

Kufana ne-carbon fiber kanye I-Glass Fiber, ukukhiqizwa kwe-basalt fiber eqhubekayo kudinga ukumiswa kwempahla eluhlaza. Kunomehluko omkhulu kwikhwalithi kanye nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-basalt fiber evela ezifundeni ezahlukene. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwesifunda esifanayo, kukhona ukuhlukahluka ku-basalt kusuka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zemayini efanayo.

Empeleni, izinkinga ezintathu eziyinhloko zikhonjiwe:

(1) Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-basalt ore zinebanga lokushisa elincane lomdwebo, eliseduze kakhulu nezinga lokushisa elicwebezelayo. Izinto ezinjalo zokusetshenziswa zivame ukucwebezela ngokushesha lapho zidwetshwa, zicekele phansi ukuqhubeka kwe-fiber futhi zinciphise amandla aqinile.

(2) Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-basalt ore ziqukethe inani eliphezulu lezinhlayiya zekristalu eziphikisana nokushisa okuphezulu, njenge-olivine ne-corundum, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuncibilika okulinganayo.

(3) I Amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwamaqoqo ahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-basalt ore kuyahlukahluka, okuthinta ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemicu ye-basalt eqhubekayo ekhiqizwa.

Ukuze kubhekwane nokungaqini kokubunjwa kwempahla eluhlaza, ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu ashiwo ngenhla, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe:

Khetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore zekhwalithi ephezulu. Insimbi ye-basalt kufanele ibe ne-homogeneous, ibe nezinga eliphansi le-crystallization, ingabi nama-phenocrysts amakhulu, imifantu embalwa, isimo sezulu esiphansi, futhi kungabikho ukungcola kwangaphandle njenge-quartz ne-chert. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-basalt ore kufanele kube phakathi kwebanga elifanele. Ukwengeza, kufanele ibe ne-acidity coefficient efanelekile ( $M_{a}$ ) ebangeni le $3.5 \sim 5.8$ kanye ne-viscosity ( $l g noma$ ) kwe $0.5 \sim 1.4 Hhayi-ke \cdot s$ . I-viscosity ( $noma$ ) ye-silicate melts ingumsebenzi wezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, nokwakheka, futhi ingamelwa yi-Arrhenius equation: $l g noma = l g noma_{0} + KANYE_{noma} / I-RT$ , lapho $noma_{0}$ kuyinto engaguquki (pre-exponential factor) futhi $KANYE_{noma}$ amandla okwenza kusebenze okugeleza kwe-viscous okuncibilika. Insimbi ye-basalt kufanele igcine izinga lokushisa elibanzi phakathi nenqubo yokudweba, okwenza ukuncibilika nokudweba kube lula ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi akufanele iqukathe izinhlayiya zekristalu ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu njenge-olivine ne-corundum.
Qinisa i-homogenization yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanelekile ziyachotshozwa, zihlungwe, futhi zenziwa i-homogenized kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa esiseleni sangaphambi komlilo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-ore, ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana kufanele bugcinwe buhambisana kakhulu. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu zingaholela ebunzimeni bokuncibilika, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zinganciphisa ikhwalithi yokuncibilika.
Hlanganisa i-basalt ore yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-basalt ore yemvelo, enamaminerali ahlukahlukene ahlotshaniswa futhi ahlala ndawonye, namaminerali ahlukahlukene anamaphuzu ahlukahlukene ancibilikayo, noma ngabe impahla eluhlaza i-homogeneous ngokuphelele kungenye yezinto ezinqumayo ezithinta umphumela womdwebo. Ukuze kuncibilike kangcono into futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokusebenza kwefayibha ewumphumela, amanye amabhizinisi okukhiqiza asebenzise indlela "yokuhlanganisa okwenziwayo", eboleka ekukhiqizeni i-fiber fiber. Lokhu kuhilela ukulungisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso, ukukhetha i-basalt yemvelo ehlanzekile yekhwalithi ephezulu, nokuyilungisa ngokuvumelana namanani avamile kusetshenziswa indlela "yokunikeza okushodayo" kanye nendlela "emsulwa ukuya kokumsulwa" —ngokwesibonelo, ukwengeza i-calcium uma ishoda. Ukwengeza, emikhiqizweni enezidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza, ukuguqulwa kwe-doping okukhethiwe kungenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinkomba zokusebenza zihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini, njengamafayibha amelana ne-alkali, amafayibha amelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, namandla aphezulu, amafayibha e-modulus. Lokhu kudinga ukukhetha okuhambisanayo kwezinto zamaminerali ezinengxenye eyodwa noma amanye ama-basalt ore ukuze "ukuguqulwa kwe-doping" okuhlanzekile kwe-basalt eluhlaza.