Umthelela wokwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ezingazinzile ekukhiqizweni kwangempela kanye nezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa

2025-06-20

Kufana ne-carbon fiber kanye I-Glass Fiber, ukukhiqizwa kwe-basalt fiber eqhubekayo kudinga ukwenziwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zibe yizinga elifanayo. Kunomehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yekhwalithi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-basalt fiber evela ezifundeni ezahlukene. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwesifunda esifanayo, kukhona umehluko ku-basalt evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zemayini efanayo.

Empeleni, izinkinga ezintathu eziyinhloko zitholakale:

(1) Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore zinezinga lokushisa elincane lokudweba, elisondele kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinjalo zivame ukubumbana ngokushesha lapho zidwetshwa, zibhubhise ukuqhubeka kwefayibha futhi zinciphise amandla okudonsa.

(2) Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya zekristalu ezingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu, njenge-olivine ne-corundum, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuncibilika okufanayo.

(3) I Amakhemikhali Ukwakheka kwamaqoqo ahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore kuyahlukahluka, okuthinta ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemicu ye-basalt eqhubekayo ekhiqizwayo.

Ukuze kuxazululwe ukungazinzi kokwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu ashiwo ngenhla, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe:

Khetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Itshe le-basalt kufanele libe linye, libe nezinga eliphansi lokukristala, lingabi nama-phenocryst amakhulu, lingabi nama-crassure ambalwa, lingabi nama-weathering aphansi, futhi lingabi nama-disinfects angaphandle njenge-quartz ne-chert. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwetshe le-basalt kufanele kube ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele libe ne-acidity coefficient efanelekile ( $M_{a}$ ) ebangeni le- $3.5 \sim 5.8$ , kanye nokuthamba ( $l g noma$ ) ka $0.5 \sim 1.4 Kahle \cdot s$ . Ukuthamba ( $noma$ ) kokuncibilika kwe-silicate kuwumsebenzi wokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokwakheka, futhi kungamelwa yi-Arrhenius equation: $l g noma = l g noma_{0} + FUTHI_{noma} / I-RT$ , kuphi $noma_{0}$ kuyinto engaguquki (i-pre-exponential factor) futhi $FUTHI_{noma}$ amandla okusebenza okugeleza okunamathelayo kokuncibilika. I-Basalt ore kufanele igcine izinga lokushisa elibanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokudweba, okwenza ukuncibilika nokudweba kube lula, futhi akufanele ibe nezinhlayiya zekristalu ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu njenge-olivine ne-corundum.
Qinisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele ziyachotshozwa, zihlolwe, futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe esitsheni sokubhaka. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ore, usayizi wezinhlayiya kumele ugcinwe ufana kakhulu. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu zingaholela enkingeni yokuncibilika, kanti izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zinganciphisa ikhwalithi yokuncibilika.
Hlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ore ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-basalt ore yemvelo, enamaminerali ahlukahlukene ahlobene futhi ahlala ndawonye, kanye namaminerali ahlukene anamaphuzu okuncibilika ahlukahlukene, ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyafana yini ngokuphelele kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta umphumela wokudweba. Ukuze kuncibilikiswe kangcono izinto futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokusebenza kwe-fiber ephumayo, amanye amabhizinisi okukhiqiza asebenzise indlela "yokuhlanganisa izinto zokwenziwa", eboleka ekukhiqizweni kwe-fiber yengilazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokwezindinganiso, ukukhetha i-basalt yemvelo ehlanzekile esezingeni eliphezulu, nokuyilungisa ngokwezindinganiso ezijwayelekile kusetshenziswa indlela "yokunikeza okungekho" kanye "nokumsulwa kuya kokumsulwa" - isibonelo, ukwengeza i-calcium uma intuleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhiqizweni enezidingo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, ukuguqulwa kwe-doping okukhethiwe kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinkomba zokusebenza zihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, njengezintambo ezimelana ne-alkali, izintambo ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezintambo ze-modulus ezinamandla aphezulu, eziphezulu. Lokhu kudinga ukukhetha izinto zamaminerali zengxenye eyodwa noma ezinye izinsimbi ze-basalt ukuze "kuguqulwe i-doping" efanele yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt ezihlanzekile.